Surface Modification and Applications Laboratory (SMAL)

1. Pawan Kumar, Deeksha Rani, Santanu Bera, Manigandan Sabapathy and Subhendu Sarkar, Buckling instability mediated wetting behaviour of low-energy ion irradiated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, (Under review)

2. Deeksha Rani and Subhendu Sarkar, Crack control in dried ferro-colloidal droplets: Effect of particle aspect-ratio and magnetic field orientations, (Under review) 

3. Jaspreet Singh, Nitish Kumar Gupta and Subhendu Sarkar, Engineering Polarization-Independent Ferrell-Berreman Modes in Nanoporous Gold Films for Visible to Near-Infrared Regimes, (Under review).

4. Jaspreet Singh, Aditi Chopra, Sudipta Sarkar Pal and Subhendu Sarkar, Nanoporous gold films as a perfect NIR-UV absorber, Appl. Surf. Sci., 685, 162005 (7 pages) (2025) . pdf  SJR 

5. Deeksha Rani, Sunil Kumar Saroj and Subhendu Sarkar, Impact of angle-dependent magnetic fields on crack dynamics and particle ordering in drying colloidal droplets, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 708, 135851 (9 pages) (2025). pdf SJR 

6. Deeksha Rani, Deepa Lohani, Madivala G Basavaraj, Dillip K Satapathy and Subhendu Sarkar, Polymer-mediated crack suppression in deposit of nanoellipsoids, Langmuir, 40, 20323 (10 pages) (2024). pdf SJR 

7. Megha Khokhar, Nitesh Singh, Shinki, Subhendu Sarkar and Rajesh V. Nair, Purcell enhancement using spatially distributed random cavities enabled by silicon pyramid arrays, Phys. Rev. A, 110, 023522 (9 pages) (2024). pdf SJR 

8. Jaspreet Singh, Nitish Kumar Gupta and Subhendu Sarkar, A Hybrid Effective Medium Description for Nanoporous Gold Films and Thickness-mediated Control of Optical Absorption, Nanotechnology 35, 395702 (9 pages) (2024). pdf SJR

9. Rakhi and Subhendu Sarkar, Prolonged pattern coarsening in ion irradiated swinging Si substrates, Vacuum 225, 113210 (11 pages) (2024) pdf SJR

10. Damanpreet Kaur, Rakhi, Raghvendra Posti, Jaspreet Singh, Debangsu Roy, Subhendu Sarkar and Mukesh Kumar, Nanopatterning Induced Si Doping in Amorphous Ga2O3 for Enhanced Electrical Properties and Ultra-Fast Photodetection, Small, 2309277 (9 pages) (2024). pdf SJR

11. Rakhi and Subhendu Sarkar, Impact of intermittent sputtering on the ordering of triangular surface topography, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 552, 165356 (4 pages) (2024) pdf SJR

12. Deeksha Rani and Subhendu Sarkar, Drying behavior of nanofluid sessile droplets on self-affine vis-`a-vis corrugated nanorough surface, Eur. Phys. J. E, 46, 113 (11 pages) (2023) pdf SJR

13. Rakhi, Javier Munoz Garcia, Rodolfo Cuerno and Subhendu Sarkar, Towards ordered Si surface nanostructuring: Role of an intermittent ion beam irradiation approach, Physica Scripta 98, 055902 (16 pages) (2023) pdf  SJR 

14. Rakhi and S. Sarkar, Abrupt pattern transitions in argon ion bombarded swinging Si substrates, Phys. Rev. B, 106, 245420 (12 pages) (2022) pdf SJR 

15. Shinki and S. Sarkar, Is 3D structuring always a pre-requisite for effective SERS?, Surfaces and Interfaces, 33, 102223 (9 pages) (2022). pdf SJR 

16. Damanpreet Kaur, Rakhi, Pargam Vashishtha, Govind Gupta, Subhendu Sarkar and Mukesh Kumar, Surface nanopatterning of amorphous gallium oxide thin film for enhanced solar-blind photodetection, Nanotechnology, 33, 375302 (9 pages) (2022). pdf SJR 

17. Shinki and S. Sarkar, Daily-life candidates as flexible SERS substrates for pesticide detection : A comparative study, Plasmonics, 17(3), 1293 (11 pages) (2022). pdf SJR 

18. Shinki*, Shreya Jain* and Subhendu Sarkar, Role of Au-Ag plasmonic layer thickness over pyramidal silicon in controlling SERS activity, Eur. Phys. J. S. T. 231, 791-797 (7 pages) (2022). (* Equal contribution) pdf SJR 

19. Basanta K. Parida*, Anirban Kundu*, Kiran Hazra and Subhendu Sarkar, Anisotropic electrical conduction on ion-induced nanorippled CoSi surface, Appl. Phys. A, 127, 972 (8 pages) (2021). (* Equal contribution) pdf SJR 

20. Shinki Midha, Jaspreet Singh and Subhendu Sarkar, Tuning the topographical parameters of Si pyramids for a better surface enhanced Raman response, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 26407 (10 pages) (2021). pdf SJR 

21. Versha*, Deepa Lohani* and Subhendu Sarkar, Interconnected drying phenomena in nanoparticle laden water-ethanol binary droplets, Eur. Phys. J. E, 44, 35 (10 pages) (2021). (* Equal contribution) pdf SJR 

22. Shinki and Subhendu Sarkar, Au0.5Ag0.5 Alloy Nanolayer Deposited on Pyramidal Si as Stable and Efficient SERS Substrates, ACS Appl. Nano Materials, 3, 7088 (8 pages) (2020). pdf SJR 

23. Shinki and Subhendu Sarkar, Dependence of the far-field optical response of ion beam sculpted Cu thin films on their surface correlations, Appl. Surf. Sci., 526, 146473 (8 pages) (2020). pdf SJR 

24. Deepa Lohani, Madivala G. Basavaraj, Dillip K. Satapathy and Subhendu Sarkar, Coupled effect of concentration, particle size and substrate morphology on the formation of coffee rings, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 589, 124387 (10 pages) (2020). pdf SJR 

25. B. K. Parida and S Sarkar. Stoichiometric influences on ion beam nanopatterning of CoSi binary compound, Vacuum, 175, 109246 (5 pages) (2020) pdf SJR 

26. D. Lohani and S. Sarkar, Nanoscale Topographical Fluctuations: A Key Factor for Evaporative Colloidal Self-Assembly, Langmuir, 34(43):12751 (8 pages) (2018). pdf SJR 

27. Mamta Singla, Ajay Kumar, Amanjit Bal, Subhendu Sarkar and Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Epithelial to mesenchymal transition induces stem cell like phenotype in renal cell carcinoma cells, Cancer Cell Int., 18, 57 (13 pages) (2018). pdf SJR 

28. B. K. Parida, M. Ranjan and S Sarkar, Influence of obliquely incident primary ion species on patterning of CoSi binary mixtures: An experimental study, Physica B: Condensed Matter 545, 34 (6 pages) (2018). pdf SJR 

29. B. K. Parida, M. Ranjan and S Sarkar, Morphological instabilities in argon ion sputtered CoSi binary mixtures, Current Applied Physics 18 (9), 993 (8 pages) (2018). pdf SJR 

30. P Sana, L Vázquez, R Cuerno and S Sarkar, Collective evolution of submicron hillocks during the early stages of anisotropic alkaline wet chemical etching of Si (100) surfaces, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50 (43), 435306 (9 pages) (2017). pdf SJR 

31. P. K. Dhillon and. S. Sarkar, Erosion dynamics of faceted pyramidal surfaces, Curr. Appl. Phys., 16, 956 (7 pages) (2016). pdf SJR 

32. P. K. Dhillon, P. S. Brown, C. D. Bain, J. P. S. Badyal and S. Sarkar, Topographical length scales of hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces, Appl. Surf. Sci., 317, 1068-1074 (7 pages) (2014). pdf SJR 

33. P. K. Dhillon and S. Sarkar, Non-monotonic roughening at early stages of isotropic silicon etching, Appl. Surf. Sci., 284, 569-574 (6 pages) (2013). pdf SJR 

34. Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon, Subhendu Sarkar, Alexis Franquet, Alain Moussa and Wilfried Vandervorst, Si nanoripples: A growth dynamical study, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, 9579 (5 pages) (2012). pdf SJR 

Past publications:

1. Subhendu Sarkar, Alexis Franquet, Alain Moussa and Wilfried Vandervorst, Chemical effects during ripple formation using isobaric ion beams, Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 6424 (5 pages) (2011). pdf SJR 

2. Subhendu Sarkar, Benny Van Daele and Wilfried Vandervorst, Impact of repetitive and random surface morphologies on the ripple formation on ion bombarded SiGe surfaces, New J. Phys. 10, 083012 (16 pages) (2008). pdf SJR 

3. Subhendu Sarkar, Benny van Daele and Wilfried Vandervorst, Ripple morphologies on ion irradiated Si(1-x)Ge(x), Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 1368 (5 pages) (2008). pdf SJR 

4. Biswajit Saha, Subhendu Sarkar, Purushottam Chakraborty and Hubert Gnaser, Secondary emission of MCsn+ molecular ions under the joint influence of electropositive and electronegative elements, Surf. Sci. 602, 1061 (5 pages) (2008). pdf SJR 

5. S. Chattopadhyay, S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Morphology of Au nanoparticles formed by magnetron sputtering: ellipsoids and rings, Surf. Engineering 22, 208 (5 pages) (2006). pdf SJR 

6. Subhendu Sarkar, Alokmay Datta, Purushottam Chakraborty and Biswarup Satpati, Interface-dominated growth of a metastable novel alloy phase, J. Mater. Res. 20, 2639 (8 pages) (2005). pdf SJR 

7. S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Formation of novel Cu3Au alloy phase under confinement, International Journal of Nanoscience, 4, (5-6), 1011 (10 pages) (2005). pdf SJR 

8. Subhendu Sarkar and Purushottam Chakraborty, Instantaneous surface work function dependence of MCsn+ molecular ion emission under varying Cs environments, Nucl.Instrum. and Meth. B, 232, 153 (6 pages) (2005). pdf SJR 

9. Subhendu Sarkar, Purushottam Chakraborty and Hubert Gnaser, Energetics of MCsn+ molecular ions emitted from Cs+ irradiated surfaces, Phys. Rev. B, 70, 195427 (5 pages) (2004). pdf SJR 

10. Subhendu Sarkar, Alokmay Datta, Purushottam Chakraborty and Biswarup Satpati, Formation of a tetragonal Cu3Au alloy at gold-copper interfaces, Surf. Interface Anal., 35,793 (6 pages) (2003). pdf SJR 

11. Subhendu Sarkar and Purushottam Chakraborty, Towards an understanding of MCsn+ formation mechanism in SIMS, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. B, 212, 364 (5 pages) (2003). pdf SJR 

12. Subhendu Sarkar and Purushottam Chakraborty, Preferential oxygen-trapping in metallic multilayers: A SIMS perspective, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 48, 521 (4 pages) (2001). pdf SJR 

13. S. Sarkar, P.Chakraborty, M.K.Sanyal, F.Caccavale and B.M.Arora, Interfacial diffusion in a double quantum well structure, Surf. Interface Anal., 29, 659-662 (4 pages) (2000). pdf SJR 

1. P. K. Dhillon and S. Sarkar, Dual erosion phases in HNA etched Si surfaces, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1536, 361, (2013).

2. P. K. Dhillon and S. Sarkar, Dual growth modes in ion bombarded Si surfaces, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1447, (1), pp. 757 (2012).

3. Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon and Subhendu Sarkar, Dual growth modes in ion bombarded Si surfaces, 56th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium, December 19{23, (2011).

4. Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon and Subhendu Sarkar,Scaling studies on low energy ion bombarded Si surfaces, MICROSTRUCTURE-2011, IIT Roorkee during November 4-5, (2011).

5. S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Effect of annealing on a novel tetragonal Cu3Au alloy at the Cu/Au multilayer interfaces, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 46, 475 (2003).

6. S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Structural aspects of Cu-Au alloys at multilayer interfaces: Effect of confinement, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 45, 273 (2002)

7. S. Sarkar, A. Datta, S. Kundu and P. Chakraborty, Interfacial alloy-mediated crystallinity in Au-Cu multilayers, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 44, 233 (2001).

8. P. Banerji, D. N. Bose, S. Sarkar , P. Chakraborty, S. K. Halder and G. Bhagvannarayan, MOVPE growth and characterization of InGaAs/InP single quantum well for 1.55um devices, International conference on fiber optics and photonics, Dec 18-20, Kolkata, India (2000).

9. S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, SIMS studies of alloy formation in sputter deposited metallic multilayers, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 43, (2000).

10. S. Sarkar, P. Chakraborty, M. K. Sanyal, F. Caccavale and B. M. Arora, SIMS and high angle x-ray diffraction studies on interdiffusion in a double quantum well structure, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 42, 389 (1999).

• Perspectives and fabrication challenges for plasmon based SERS substrates, Shinki and Subhendu Sarkar in Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics, Vol 2 Photonic Materials edited by P. Chakraborty, Pages 442 - 458, Elsevier, 2023. Link 

• Low energy ion induced pattern formation in Si-Ge alloy in Nanofabrication by Ion-Beam Sputtering - Fundamentals and Applications edited by T. Som and D. Kanjilal, Pan Stanford Publishing, Singapore (2012), ISBN-10: 9814303755, ISBN-13: 978-9814303750. Link 

• S. Sarkar, Low energy ion beam nanopatterning of Co(x)Si(1-x) Surfaces, ICNIB 2019, Kalpakkam, Nov 6-8, 2019

• B. K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Ion Beam Nanostructuring of CoSi Surfaces: Role of Stoichiometry and Sample Swinging, 10th International Workshop on Nanoscale Pattern Formation at Surfaces -Nanopatterning2019 University of Surrey, UK, July 7-10, 2019

• B. K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Nanoripple formation on binary mixtures- IV characteristic studies and effect of angular rocking, International Conference on Ion Beams in Materials Engineering and Characterizations (IBMEC 2018), IUAC New Delhi, Oct 9-12,2018

• B. K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Transitional morphology in binary mixtures via low energy ion beams, 4th International Conference On Nano Structuring by Ion Beam (ICNIB 2017), DAVV Indore, Oct 11-13, 2017

• S. Sarkar, Formation and kinetic roughening of hillocks by alkaline wet etching of Si, Nanopatterning 2015, 8th International Workshop on Nanoscale Pattern Formation at Surfaces, Kraków, Poland, July 12-16, 2015

• S. Sarkar, Non-trivial factors affecting patterning on Si-Ge systems, ICNIM 2013, Jaipur, Oct 23-25, 2013

• Rakhi, Javier Muñoz-García, Rodolfo Cuerno, and Subhendu Sarkar, Towards ordered Si surface nanostructuring: Role of an intermittent ion beam irradiation protocol, IBA and PIXE 2023, Toyama, Japan, 2023

• Pawan Kumar and S. Sarkar, Impact of Ion Beam Incidence Angle on the Surface Morphology of Poly (dimethyl siloxane) under Low Energy Ion Beam Irradiation, ICNIB 2023, Dehradun, 2023

• Deeksha and Subhendu Sarkar, Oriented magnetic field-induced assembly of anisotropic ferro-colloids in drying droplets, DROPLET23, Beijing, China, 2023

• Deeksha and Subhendu Sarkar, Influence of periodic and aperiodic nanoscale topography on Coffee-ring effect, COMFLU22, Kolkata, 2022 

• Rakhi, Rodolfo Cuerno and Subhendu Sarkar, Role of intermittent low energy ion sputtering on Si surface nanostructuring, IUMRS-ICA 2022, IIT Jodhpur, 2022

• B. K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Anisotropic electrical conduction of surface due to ion beam nanopatterning, ICNIB 2019, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Nov.6-8, 2019

• Shinki and S. Sarkar, Effect of topographical parameters on the optical response of ion beam irradiated Cu thin films” ICNIB 2019, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Nov 6-8, 2019 

• Rakhi, ICNIB 2019, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Nov 6-8, 2019

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Nanostructuring at Elevated Temperatures on Ion Irradiated CoSi Binary Mixture, DAESSPS2019, IIT Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, Dec18-22, 2019

• D. Lohani, M. G. Basavaraj, D. K. Satapathy and S. Sarkar, Formation of cracks and uniform deposition in particulate films obtained by drying of ellipsoidal colloid–polymer suspensions, CompFlu 2019, IISER Bhopal, Dec 5-7, 2019 

• D. Lohani, M. G. Basavaraj, D. K. Satapathy and S. Sarkar, Evaporative self-assembly :  Effect of nanoscale fluctuation, particle size and particle concentration, Droplet 2019, Durham University, Durham, UK, Sep16-18, 2019 

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Ion Beam Nanostructuring of CoSi Surfaces: Role of Stoichiometry and Sample Swinging, 10th International Workshop on Nanoscale Pattern Formation at Surfaces -Nanopatterning2019 University of Surrey, UK, July 7-10, 2019

• D. Lohani, M. G. Basavaraj, D. K. Satapathy and S. Sarkar, Coupled effects of particle size, concentration and surface fluctuations on coffee ring effect , 9th International Colloids Conference, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, June 16-19 ,2019 

• Shinki and S. Sarkar, Correlation between topographical fluctuation and optical response of ion beam sculpted Cu thin films, ICOL 2019, IRDE, Dehradun, Oct 19-22, 2019

• Rakhi, Basic Training Program in Nano Science and Technology  INUP IISc Bangalore May 14-15, 2019 

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Nanoripple formation on binary mixtures- IV characteristic studies and effect of angular rocking, International Conference on Ion Beams in Materials Engineering and Characterizations (IBMEC 2018), IUAC New Delhi, Oct 9-12,2018

• Shinki and S. Sarkar, Dichroic optical response from ion beam sculpted thin films, SCOP 2018, PRL Ahmedabad, Oct 4-6, 2018 (Best poster)

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Transitional morphology in binary mixtures via low energy ion beams, 4th International Conference On Nano Structuring by Ion Beam (ICNIB 2017), DAVV Indore, Oct 11-13, 2017

• D. Lohani and S. Sarkar, Nanoscale roughness effect on evaporative self-assembly, Comp-Flu 2017, IIT Madras, Dec 18 – 20, 2017  

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Morphology transitions in binary alloy using ion beams, IUMRS-ICYRAM 2016, IISc Bangalore Dec 11-15, 2016

• B.K. Parida and S. Sarkar, Nanopatterning of binary mixture using ion beam, 2nd CRIKC Nano Science Day, INST Mohali, Aug 08, 2016

• P. Sana, R. Cuerno and S. Sarkar, Formation and kinetic roughening of hillocks by alkaline wet etching of Si, 8th International Workshop on Nanoscale Pattern Formation at Surfaces, Krakow, Poland, July 12-16, (2015)

• P. K. Dhillon and S. Sarkar, Dual erosion phases in HNA etched Si surfaces, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1536, 361, (2013).

• P. K. Dhillon and S. Sarkar, Dual growth modes in ion bombarded Si surfaces, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1447, (1), pp. 757 (2012).

• Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon and Subhendu Sarkar, Dual growth modes in ion bombarded Si surfaces, 56th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium, December 19-23, (2011).

• Prabhjeet Kaur Dhillon and Subhendu Sarkar, Scaling studies on low energy ion bombarded Si surfaces, MICROSTRUCTURE-2011, IIT Roorkee during November 4-5, (2011).

• S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Effect of annealing on a novel tetragonal Cu3Au alloy at the Cu/Au multilayer interfaces, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 46, 475 (2003).

• S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, Structural aspects of Cu-Au alloys at multilayer interfaces: Effect of confinement, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 45, 273 (2002)

• S. Sarkar, A. Datta, S. Kundu and P. Chakraborty, Interfacial alloy-mediated crystallinity in Au-Cu multilayers, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 44, 233 (2001).

• P. Banerji, D. N. Bose, S. Sarkar , P. Chakraborty, S. K. Halder and G. Bhagvannarayan, MOVPE growth and characterization of InGaAs/InP single quantum well for 1.55um devices, International conference on fiber optics and photonics, Dec 18-20, Kolkata, India (2000).

• S. Sarkar, A. Datta and P. Chakraborty, SIMS studies of alloy formation in sputter deposited metallic multilayers, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 43, (2000).

• S. Sarkar, P. Chakraborty, M. K. Sanyal, F. Caccavale and B. M. Arora, SIMS and high angle x-ray diffraction studies on interdiffusion in a double quantum well structure, DAE Solid State Physics Symposium Proceedings, 42, 389 (1999).